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Arab Brazilian
An Arab Brazilian is a Brazilian citizen of Arab ethnic and/or linguistic heritage or identity. The majority of Arab Brazilians trace their origin to the Levantine lands of the Arab World, known in Arabic as ''Bilad al-Sham'', primarily Lebanon and Syria.
== Immigration to Brazil ==
Immigration of Arabs to Brazil started in the late 19th century, most of them coming from Lebanon and Syria, later from other parts of the Arab world. When they were first processed in the ports of Brazil, they were counted as Turks because they carried passports issued by the Turkish Ottoman Empire that ruled the present day territories of Lebanon and Syria.〔(Recopilaron casi 200 años de los sirio libaneses en Argentina )〕 There were many causes for Arabs to leave their homelands in the Ottoman Empire; overpopulation in Lebanon, conscription in Lebanon and Syria, and religious persecution by the Ottoman Turks. Arab immigration to Brazil grew also after WWI and the rest of the 20th century, and concentrated in the states of São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Goiás, and Rio de Janeiro.
Most Arab immigrants in Brazil were Christians, Muslims being a minority. Intermarriage between Brazilians of Arab descent and other Brazilians, regardless of ethnicity or religious affiliation, is very high; most Brazilians of Arab descent only have one parent of Arab origin. As a result of this, the new generations of Brazilians of Arab descent show marked language shift away from Arabic. Only a few speak any Arabic, and such knowledge is often limited to a few basic words. Instead the majority, especially those of younger generations, speak Portuguese as a first language.
The Brazilian and Lebanese governments claim there are 7 million Brazilians of Lebanese descent.〔(Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affaires )〕〔()〕 Also, the Brazilian government claims there are 4 million Brazilians of Syrian descent.〔(Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affaires )〕 According to a research conducted by IBGE in 2008, covering only the states of Amazonas, Paraíba, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso and Distrito Federal, 0.9% of white Brazilian respondents said they had family origins in the Middle East〔IBGE. (''IBGE: Características Étnico-Raciais da População ).〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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